Russia possesses a significant but underutilized technogenic mineral potential, the development of which could expand the country’s mineral resource base and reduce environmental pressure. The aim of this study is to develop an effective economic mechanism – including instruments suitable for small businesses – to stimulate investment in the development of technogenic deposits. The study analyzes existing economic instruments for incentivizing the processing of technogenic mineral accumulations (TMA), proposes a methodological approach for selecting the optimal set of instruments, and presents an integrated economic model. Special attention is given to a project prioritization system based on three key criteria: budgetary efficiency, economic efficiency, and environmental efficiency. For different project categories (green, yellow, red), the most effective instruments were identified, including tax incentives, state guarantees, and credit mechanisms. The proposed model of the economic mechanism is built on six fundamental principles: clarity, transparency, teamwork, modularity, controllability, and efficiency. The implementation of the proposed measures is expected to stimulate small business involvement in the development of technogenic deposits.